What it measures
- PSA (prostate specific antigen)
What does a PSA test show?
PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland. A raised level can be a sign of prostate cancer, but it’s more often caused by an enlarged prostate (very common with age), inflammation or infection. Equally, some prostate cancers don’t raise PSA.
Making an informed choice
Because the result isn’t definitive, it’s worth understanding what happens next. If your PSA is raised, your GP may repeat it, examine your prostate, or refer you for an MRI scan before any biopsy. Men over 50 can also ask their GP for a free NHS PSA test.
Following the preparation steps helps avoid a falsely raised result.
Who it’s for
- Men over 50, or over 45 with a family history of prostate cancer
- Black men over 45, who have a higher risk
- Needing to pass urine more often, a weak flow or getting up at night
- Monitoring a known prostate condition
How to prepare
- Drink plenty of water beforehand; it makes the sample quicker and easier to take.
- You don’t need to fast.
- Avoid ejaculation for 48 hours before your test.
- Avoid vigorous exercise, especially cycling, for 48 hours before.
- Don’t test if you have a urine infection; wait 6 weeks after treatment.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test: your questions
What is a normal PSA level?
Normal ranges increase with age. As a rough guide, the NHS uses up to 3 ng/mL for men aged 50–69. Your report shows your result against an age-related range.
Can anything affect my PSA result?
Yes. Ejaculation, vigorous exercise such as cycling, a urine infection and some prostate procedures can raise PSA, so follow the preparation steps.
Information on this page is general and doesn’t replace advice from your GP, midwife or consultant. If you feel unwell or are worried about symptoms, contact your GP, call NHS 111 or, in an emergency, 999.